Common SSH Commands - Linux Shell Commands Guide - How To

Common SSH Commands - Linux Shell Commands

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cat filename.txt : view the contents of filename.txt on your screen

cd : change directory · · cd /usr/local/apache : go to /usr/local/apache/ directory
cd ~ : go to your Home directory
cd - : go to the last directory you were in
cd .. : go up a directory cat : print file contents to the screen

cp : copy a file
cp filename filename.backup : copies filename to filename.backup
cp -a /Home/FRED/public_html/* /Home/JACK/public_html/ : copies all files and permissions form one directory to another.

last : shows who logged in and when
last -10 : shows only the last 10 logins
last -10 -a : shows last 10 logins, with the hostname

ls : list files/directories in a directory, comparable to dir in windows/dos.
ls -al : shows all files (including ones that start with a period), directories, and details attributes for each file.

mv : Move a file command
mv oldfilename newfilename : Move a file or directory from oldfilename to newfilename

ps: ps is short for process status. It's used to show currently running processes and their PID.
A process ID is a unique number that identifies a process, with that you can kill or terminate a running program on your server.
ps U username : shows processes for a certain user
ps aux : shows all system processes
ps aux --forest : shows all system processes like the above but organizes in a hierarchy that's very useful!

rm : delete a file
rm filename.txt : deletes filename.txt, will more than likely ask if you really want to delete it
rm -f filename.txt : deletes filename.txt, will not ask for confirmation before deleting.
rm -rf tmp/ : recursively deletes the directory tmp, and all files in it, including subdirectories. BE CAREFULL WITH THIS!!!

TAR: Creating and Extracting .tar.gz and .tar files
tar -zxvf file.tar.gz : Extracts the file
tar -xvf file.tar : Extracts the file
tar -cf archive.tar contents/ : Takes everything from contents/ and puts it into archive.tar
gzip -d filename.gz : Decompress the file, extract it.

VI ssh commands
vi : Text editor
vi /Home/USERNAME/public_html/index.html : edit the index page for the users website.
you can use the following useful commands, you will need to hit SHIFT + : to go into command mode

:q! : quits the file without saving and exits vi
:w : This writes the file to disk, saves it
:wq : This saves the file to disk and exists vi
:$ : Takes you to the last line of the file
:0 : Takes you to the first line of the file

w : shows who is currently logged in and where they are logged in from.

ZIP Files:  Extracting .zip files shell command
unzip file.zip